Saltriovenator

Type Species: Saltriovenator zanellai

Classification: Dinosauria - Saurischia – Theropoda - Ceratosauria

Time Period: Early Jurassic

Location: Italy

Diet: Carnivore

The twenty-five-foot long and one-ton Saltriovenator was the megapredator of the Early Jurassic. Its remains were discovered in modern Italy (what would’ve been southern Laurasia) in what would’ve been a watery grave. The specimen had died and been washed out to sea (or in a bay) where it was scavenged by marine organisms. At least thirty bore marks on the bones come from a variety of marine invertebrates, and its remains were entombed with a single tooth and jaw fragment from a bony fish. Saltriovenator has the unlucky distinction of being the first dinosaur discovered to have been gnawed upon by marine animals. 

The find gets even more intriguing: Saltriovenator was a large, bipedal carnivore similar to the much later Jurassic predator Ceratosaurus, and it’s classified as the oldest known ceratosaur. It was much stockier and larger than other Early Jurassic theropods, and other theropods of its size wouldn’t crop up in the fossil record until another 25 million years later. Saltriovenator’s large size took place in tandem with the emergence and gradual enlargement of sauropod herbivores, suggesting a prehistoric ‘arms race’ between predator and prey. As Dr. Simone Maganuco writes, “The evolutionary ‘arms race’ between stockier predatory and giant herbivorous dinosaurs, involving progressively larger species, [began] 200 million years ago” – more than twenty million years earlier than scientists had previously believed.